Publication Ethics

1. Plagiarism: Authors should ensure that their work is original and properly cite sources when using the work and ideas of others. Editors use plagiarism detection software to screen submissions and may reject papers if plagiarism is detected.

2. Authorship: All individuals who have made significant contributions to the research should be listed as authors. Proper credit should be given to co-authors, and those who have not contributed significantly should be acknowledged.

3. Data Fabrication and Falsification: Authors should not manipulate research data to achieve desired results. Data should be accurately reported, and any manipulation should be disclosed.

4. Conflict of Interest: Authors should disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could influence the interpretation of their research findings. This may include financial interests, affiliations, or personal relationships that could bias the work.

5. Ethical Treatment of Subjects: Research involving human or animal subjects should adhere to ethical standards and receive approval from an appropriate institutional review board. Informed consent should be obtained from participants, and their privacy and confidentiality should be protected.

6. Peer Review Process: Editors should ensure a fair and transparent peer review process. Reviewers should provide constructive feedback and evaluate submissions based on their scientific merit, without bias or personal interest.

7. Corrections and Retractions: If errors or inaccuracies are identified after publication, journals should issue corrections or retractions as appropriate to maintain the integrity of the scholarly record.

8. Publication Ethics Violations: Journals may investigate allegations of publication ethics violations and take appropriate action, including retracting published articles and notifying relevant stakeholders.